They analyzed cell-free plasma samples from 14 individuals with MPNST, 23 with plexiform neurofibroma, and 16 healthy individuals. MPNST is a common cause of mortality among individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 cancer predisposition syndrome but distinguishing it from its benign precursor, plexiform neurofibroma, can be difficult. In a separate study in PLOS Medicine, Chaudhuri and his colleagues also examined whether ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA could distinguish patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) from those with a benign precursor condition. Additionally, patients with minimal residual disease as gauged by utDNA analysis had worse progression-free survival than those without.įurther, the researchers found that tumor mutational burden could be inferred from utDNA, suggesting urine-based tumor DNA analysis could help personalize bladder cancer treatments by both identifying patients who could potentially undergo bladder-sparing surgeries as well as identify patients who might benefit from targeted or immunotherapies. A positive MRD detection was correlated with an absence of pathological complete response with a sensitivity and a specificity of 81 percent. Using a focused minimal residual disease gene panel of 49 genes often mutated and known to drive bladder cancer, the researchers found a set of 52 non-silent and 17 silent mutations within samples from patients with residual disease. Within this cohort, 38 percent of patients had a pathological complete response, while 62 percent had residual disease, as gauged by their surgical samples. The samples were collected from patients just before they underwent curative-intent radical cystectomy. "The advantage of this approach is that it is noninvasive and, in the future, could be applied to assess response to neoadjuvant treatment, enabling better personalization of regimentation, and potentially even help select patients who could be managed nonoperatively," WUSTL's Aadel Chaudhuri, an author on two of the studies, said in an email.įor one study appearing in PLOS Medicine, Chaudhuri and his colleagues used a urine Cancer Personalized Profiling by Deep Sequencing (uCAPP-Seq) approach to analyze cell-free DNA samples from 42 individuals with localized bladder cancer and 15 healthy adults. The studies all found that liquid biopsy-based assessments could identify patients who might benefit from particular treatment approaches. In another study, a Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center-led team investigated whether analyzing circulating tumor DNA within blood samples in combination with MRI analysis could predict pathological complete response among rectal cancer patients receiving radiochemotherapy. That team also used a liquid biopsy approach to distinguish malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors from benign precursors. Louis examined whether tumor DNA isolated from urine could predict which bladder cancer patients had a pathological complete response to chemotherapy and might not need radical cystectomy. In one study, researchers from Washington University in St. ![]() NEW YORK - Liquid biopsies could help determine which treatment approaches cancer patients might be best suited to receive, three new studies have found.
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